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      Flutter第3天--基礎控件(上)

      發表日期:2018-12 文章編輯:小燈 瀏覽次數:3177

      Flutter七日游第三天:2018-12-18 天氣:晴朗

      零、前言

      浪了兩天,Dart語法基本上熟悉了,繪圖也不怕了,現在進入正軌,繼續浪~
      今天來學些枯燥的東西了--基礎控件,戒驕戒躁,基礎還是要好好掌握。
      本文目的在于盡可能看清控件的全局(細枝末節點到為止),詳細用法等布局實戰再細說吧
      本文能用圖的,盡量不用字(看完你可能會覺得我腦洞有點大),廢話不多說,進入今天的內容


      一、Widget簡入

      Widget:[小器具,裝飾品,窗口小部件],以后簡稱:控件
      下面看一下Widget樹:(只延伸到下代)

      Widget樹.png
      1.StatelessWidgetStatefulWidget

      目前出現在我眼前的只這有兩個,所以先只看這兩個:

      StatelessWidget:源碼第一句話: ---->A widget that does not require mutable state. ---->一個不需要變動狀態的控件StatefulWidget :源碼第一句話: ---->A widget that has mutable state. ---->一個可變動狀態的控件 

      2.StatelessWidget一共就有三個方法:
      StatelessWidget.png
      -------->[構造方法,需要一個key,而且老爸已經給他了]---- /// Initializes [key] for subclasses. const StatelessWidget({ Key key }) : super(key: key);-------->[createElement方法復寫Widget方法,使用StatelessElement--tag1--自給自足] /// It is uncommon for subclasses to override this method. //子類重寫此方法是不常見的。----所以就不要沒事找事了 StatelessElement createElement() => StatelessElement(this);--tag1-->[StatelessElement,接收一個StatelessWidget] /// An [Element] that uses a [StatelessWidget] as its configuration. class StatelessElement extends ComponentElement {/// Creates an element that uses the given widget as its configuration. StatelessElement(StatelessWidget widget) : super(widget);-------->[使用現在要關注的只有:build方法--] /// Describes the part of the user interface represented by this widget. //描述此控件呈現在用戶界面上的部分 @protected Widget build(BuildContext context);//空實現 

      3.初始項目看StatelessWidget:

      StatelessWidget映入眼簾,可見該類內部一定有一個build方法返回一個Widget

      class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return MaterialApp( title: 'Flutter Demo', theme: ThemeData( primarySwatch: Colors.lightBlue, ), home:MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'), ); } }//不難看出MaterialApp是一個Widget,而且至少有title,theme,home三個屬性 而且home傳入的是一個Widget 

      4.恭喜達成成就:Widget源碼偷窺者, 成就獎勵:三張卡片:

      卡片初始屬性:見白框(PS:屬性會隨著你的閱歷變多哦)

      - - -

      二、Flutter卡牌游戲Start

      接下來會列出一長串屬性,并挑選些簡單的屬性測試一下
      如果你覺得及其無聊,列屬性的地方可以跳過,基本上每三個做一個小測試

      1:MaterialApp--材料App

      An application that uses material design.源碼如是說:一個使用材料設計的App
      繼承自StatefulWidget,字段蠻多的,先列一下,看看現在用到的,其他的用到再說吧。

      class MaterialApp extends StatefulWidget this.navigatorKey, this.home,//--->tag1<--- this.routes = const <String, WidgetBuilder>{}, this.initialRoute, this.onGenerateRoute, this.onUnknownRoute, this.navigatorObservers = const <NavigatorObserver>[], this.builder, this.title = '',//--->tag2<--- this.onGenerateTitle, this.color, this.theme,//--->tag3<--- this.locale, this.localizationsDelegates, this.localeListResolutionCallback, this.localeResolutionCallback, this.supportedLocales = const <Locale>[Locale('en', 'US')], this.debugShowMaterialGrid = false, this.showPerformanceOverlay = false, this.checkerboardRasterCacheImages = false, this.checkerboardOffscreenLayers = false, this.showSemanticsDebugger = false, this.debugShowCheckedModeBanner = true,//--->tag1<---[title是個字符串]---- /// This value is passed unmodified to [WidgetsApp.title]. final String title;//--->tag2<---[theme是個ThemeData對象:保存材料設計主題的顏色和版式值]---- /// The colors to use for the application's widgets. final ThemeData theme;//--->tag3<---[home是個Widget對象]---- /// {@macro flutter.widgets.widgetsApp.home} final Widget home; 

      2.Scaffold--腳手架

      什么是腳手架,大概就是這個感覺吧,也就是輔助腳手的工具,方便施工

      腳手架.png
      PreferredSizeWidget this.appBar, Widgetthis.body, Widgetthis.floatingActionButton, FloatingActionButtonLocationthis.floatingActionButtonLocation, FloatingActionButtonAnimatorthis.floatingActionButtonAnimator, List<Widget>this.persistentFooterButtons, Widgetthis.drawer, Widgetthis.endDrawer, Widgetthis.bottomNavigationBar, Widgetthis.bottomSheet, Color this.backgroundColor, boolthis.resizeToAvoidBottomPadding = true, boolthis.primary = true, 

      3:AppBar--App的Bar

      就像安卓的ToolBar一樣的控件

      Widgetthis.leading, boolthis.automaticallyImplyLeading = true, Widgetthis.title, List<Widget>this.actions, Widgetthis.flexibleSpace, PreferredSizeWidget this.bottom, doublethis.elevation = 4.0, Color this.backgroundColor, Brightnessthis.brightness, IconThemeData this.iconTheme, TextTheme this.textTheme, boolthis.primary = true, boolthis.centerTitle, doublethis.titleSpacing = NavigationToolbar.kMiddleSpacing, doublethis.toolbarOpacity = 1.0, doublethis.bottomOpacity = 1.0, 

      新手任務1:能力小測試
      測試.png
      MaterialApp( title: 'Flutter Demo', theme: ThemeData( primarySwatch: Colors.lightBlue, ), home: Scaffold( appBar: AppBar( title: Text("張風捷特烈"),//標題 backgroundColor: Color(0xffcbf231), //背景色 elevation: 12,//陰影 centerTitle: true, toolbarOpacity: .4)//透明度 )); 
      新手任務完成,獎勵卡片:歡迎繼續冒險
      - - -

      4:Text--文字
       const Text(this.data, { TextStyle this.style, TextAlign this.textAlign, TextDirection this.textDirection, Localethis.locale, boolthis.softWrap, TextOverflowthis.overflow, doublethis.textScaleFactor, int this.maxLines, Stringthis.semanticsLabel,/// Creates a text widget with a [TextSpan]. const Text.rich(this.textSpan, { //同上 }) 
      //---->[TextStyle]---------------- boolthis.inherit = true, Color this.color, doublethis.fontSize, FontWeightthis.fontWeight, FontStyle this.fontStyle, doublethis.letterSpacing, doublethis.wordSpacing, TextBaselinethis.textBaseline, doublethis.height, Localethis.locale, Paint this.foreground, Paint this.background, List<ui.Shadow> this.shadows, TextDecorationthis.decoration, Color this.decorationColor, TextDecorationStyle this.decorationStyle, Stringthis.debugLabel, StringString fontFamily,//---->[TextAlign]---------------- enum TextAlign { left,right,center,justify,start,end, }//---->[TextOverflow]---------------- enum TextOverflow { clip,fade,ellipsis, } 

      5.FloatingActionButton--浮動動作按鈕
      Widgetthis.child, Stringthis.tooltip, Color this.foregroundColor, Color this.backgroundColor, Objectthis.heroTag = const _DefaultHeroTag(), doublethis.elevation = 6.0, doublethis.highlightElevation = 12.0, VoidCallback@required this.onPressed, boolthis.mini = false, ShapeBorder this.shape = const CircleBorder(), Clipthis.clipBehavior = Clip.none, MaterialTapTargetSize this.materialTapTargetSize, boolthis.isExtended = false, 
      6.Icon--圖標
      doublethis.size, Color this.color, Stringthis.semanticLabel,------This label does not show in the UI. TextDirection this.textDirection, 
      新手任務2:
      Text FloatingActionButton.png
      body: Text( "一簫一劍平生意,負盡狂名十五年", maxLines: 1, overflow: TextOverflow.fade, style: TextStyle( color: Colors.blue, fontSize: 20, letterSpacing: 10, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold, background: Paint()..color = Colors.amberAccent), ), floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton( backgroundColor: Colors.deepOrangeAccent, elevation: 12, highlightElevation: 24, onPressed: () {}, tooltip: 'Increment', child: Icon(Icons.add,size: 40,color: Colors.white,semanticLabel:"toly"), ), 

      三、基礎控件點將臺(1)

      以上6張卡片是初始項目中的控件,通過新手任務基本上更加熟悉了一些
      Flutter還有哪些控件,建議看一下Flutter中文網,羅列的挺好的,下面一起學習一下
      (PS:看了一下,真是多如雞毛...嚇得我不知從何入手)

      所謂`打蛇打七寸,擒賊先擒王`,小兵之后再收拾 通過Android和html+css,我領悟到,對于界面設計者而言,布局是至關重要的,所以先看容器 
      1.Layout布局容器之Row+Column--行+列
      Row和Column.png
      1.1:Row的基礎認知
      ---->[源碼注釋第一句]----------------------------- A widget that displays its children in a horizontal array. 一個以水平數組的形式顯示其子部件的Widget。 Row({ Key key, MainAxisAlignment mainAxisAlignment = MainAxisAlignment.start, MainAxisSize mainAxisSize = MainAxisSize.max, CrossAxisAlignment crossAxisAlignment = CrossAxisAlignment.center, TextDirection textDirection, VerticalDirection verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down, TextBaseline textBaseline, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], 
      1.2:基本使用

      children看來是一個Widget數組,想想也不難理解,畢竟做大哥的,當然要有不少小弟啦
      注:為了方便修改,以下代碼把Scaffold的body屬性值抽成變量使用

      var row_test = Row( children: <Widget>[ Text('絕域從軍計惘然,,'), Text('東南幽恨滿詞箋。'), Text('一簫一劍平生意,'), Text('負盡狂名十五年。'), ], ); 
      越界提醒.png

      可以看出越界有提醒,感覺蠻有心的,水平排列沒毛病


      1.3.Column:用法基本上差不多
      ---->[源碼注釋第一句]-----------------------------A widget that displays its children in a vertical array. 一個以豎直數組的形式顯示其子部件的Widget。Column({ Key key, MainAxisAlignment mainAxisAlignment = MainAxisAlignment.start, MainAxisSize mainAxisSize = MainAxisSize.max, CrossAxisAlignment crossAxisAlignment = CrossAxisAlignment.center, TextDirection textDirection, VerticalDirection verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down, TextBaseline textBaseline, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], 
      1.4.Column基本使用
      var row_column = Column( children: <Widget>[ Text('絕域從軍計惘然,,'), Text('東南幽恨滿詞箋。'), Text('一簫一劍平生意,'), Text('負盡狂名十五年。'), ], ); 
      Column.png
      恭喜完成成就:布局菜鳥---獎勵卡片:
      - - -

      恭喜解鎖新卡片:Expanded,快去用用吧
      Expanded意思是:使…伸展,看到下面的圖,你應該就會明白

      var row_test = Row( children: <Widget>[ Expanded( child:Text('絕域從軍計惘然,'), ), Expanded( child:Text('東南幽恨滿詞箋。'), ), Expanded( child:Text('一簫一劍平生意,'), ), Expanded( child:Text('負盡狂名十五年。'), ), ], ); 
      Expanded.png
      2.Container--容器

      可以理解為Android中的View,更像html中的div
      Container是一個沒有狀態的控件

      Container.png
      2.1:源碼小窺
      ---->[源碼注釋第一句]----------------------------- A convenience widget that combines common painting, positioning, and sizing widgets. 一個方便的widget,它組合了常見的painting、positioning和sizing 控件。Color color, doublewidth, doubleheight, Widgetthis.child, EdgeInsetsGeometrythis.margin, EdgeInsetsGeometrythis.padding, AlignmentGeometry this.alignment, DecorationDecoration decoration, Decorationthis.foregroundDecoration, BoxConstraintsBoxConstraints constraints, Matrix4 this.transform, 

      2.2:簡單使用:

      [插曲]這里分享一個點:當看到一個新的東西應該怎么辦?

      比如`margin`,看到`EdgeInsetsGeometry`我的心情是一臉懵X,不應該是數字嗎? 進源碼:`abstract class EdgeInsetsGeometry {`,抽象的,找他兒子去, AndroidStudio中按`Ctrl+H`可以查看繼承樹,然后就看到了EdgeInsets.fromLTRB 這樣Flutter的margin就和你的知識庫中的margin進行了連接,你就會用了class EdgeInsets extends EdgeInsetsGeometry { const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(this.left, this.top, this.right, this.bottom); const EdgeInsets.all(double value) : left = value, top = value, right = value, bottom = value;新事物往往都與舊事物有聯系,學習新事物最好快速找到它與你知識庫中舊事物的聯系, 聯系的多少取決于你知識庫中內容的多少,連接得越多,你會越快或越能掌握舊事物
      var container_test = Container( color: Color.fromARGB(100, 81, 211, 253), height: 100, width: 200, child: Text("張風捷特烈"), margin: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(5, 10, 15, 20), padding:EdgeInsets.all(40), ); 

      padding和margin簡稱pm,左圖是上面代碼沒有pm時,右圖是有pm時

      Container測試.png
      恭喜達成成就:Container使用者--卡牌獎勵:
      - - -

      NPC:恭喜解鎖兩張輔助卡PaddingCenter,快來測試一下吧
      這兩個沒什么好說的,顧圖思義,看圖吧

      var padding_test = Container( color: Color.fromARGB(100, 81, 211, 253), height: 150, width: 250, child: Padding( padding: EdgeInsets.all(10), child: Text("張風捷特烈"), ), ); var center_test = Container( color: Color.fromARGB(100, 81, 211, 253), height: 150, width: 250, child: Center( child: Text("張風捷特烈"), ), ); 
      Center和Padding.png
      3.Stack -- 堆疊

      第一反應:棧?有道了一下,有堆疊的意思

      ---->[源碼注釋第一句]----------------------------- A widget that positions its children relative to the edges of its box. 一個相對于它的框的邊緣來定位它的子部件的Widget。this.alignment = AlignmentDirectional.topStart, this.textDirection, this.fit = StackFit.loose, this.overflow = Overflow.clip, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[],

      觸發新手任務3,并觸發局部Widget樹,系統贈送卡牌:
      看一下Widget樹.png
      - - -

      請完成下面布局:

      新手任務3.png
      var stack_test = Container( color: Color.fromARGB(100, 81, 211, 253), height: 150, width: 250, child: Stack( alignment: Alignment.centerLeft, children: <Widget>[ Text('絕域從軍計惘然,,'), Align( alignment: Alignment.topRight, widthFactor: 1.5, child: Card( elevation: 10, color: Color(0xffffffff), child: Text('東南幽恨滿詞箋。')), ), Text('一簫一劍平生意,'), Text('負盡狂名十五年。'), ], )); 

      現在對Stack有點感覺了吧,它像FramLayout一樣會疊合控件,
      并且alignment還可以確定Stack自身相對于老爸的位置
      Align也有alignment,不過能有一個孩子,Card我最喜歡了
      這里mark一下Card里的ShapeBorder shape,源碼粗略看了一下,可能挺好玩,今天主看控件


      4.IndexedStack--定索引顯示

      按照索引來顯示堆疊容器中的控件,挺好玩的

      看一下Widget樹2.png IndexedStack.png
      var index_stack_test = Container( color: Color.fromARGB(100, 81, 211, 253), height: 150, width: 250, child: IndexedStack( index:3, alignment: Alignment.centerLeft, children: <Widget>[ Text('絕域從軍計惘然,'), Align( alignment: Alignment.topRight, widthFactor: 1.5, child: Card( elevation: 10, color: Color(0xffffffff), child: Text('東南幽恨滿詞箋。')), ), Text('一簫一劍平生意,'), Text('負盡狂名十五年。'), ], ));

      5.Transform--變換

      transform屬性的Matrix4有機會肯定好好分析分析,mark一下
      Matrix4.rotationZ傳入的是弧度制的度數,佩服佩服

      Transform( origin: Offset(0, 150), transform: Matrix4.rotationZ(3.1415 / 4), child: //同上面的Container,挺長的,不貼了 ) 
      Transform.png
      6.Offstage--顯隱控制

      負盡狂名十五年用Offstage包裹一下,offstage為true--隱藏,為false--顯示
      感覺應該挺好用,簡潔,明了,人狠話不多。

      Offstage( offstage: false, child: Text('負盡狂名十五年。'), ), 
      恭喜獲得成就:布局小新手 :獎勵卡牌:
      - - -

      三、基礎控件點將臺之--三大戰力

      隱藏劇情觸發:
      NPC:傳說有三條惡龍盤踞在布局深處,為禍人間,勇士們,準備好了嗎?

      看一下Widget樹3.png
      1.表格--Table
      1.1:屬性一覽
      this.children = const <TableRow>[], this.columnWidths, this.defaultColumnWidth = const FlexColumnWidth(1.0), this.textDirection, this.border, this.defaultVerticalAlignment = TableCellVerticalAlignment.top, this.textBaseline, 

      1.2:新手任務4:完成下面表格
      表格.png

      代碼實現:
      columnWidths:可以指定每列的寬度
      border:邊線的樣式
      children:通過TableRow來顯示一行

      var table_test = Table( columnWidths: const <int, TableColumnWidth>{ 0: FixedColumnWidth(60.0), 1: FixedColumnWidth(100.0), 2: FixedColumnWidth(100.0), 3: FixedColumnWidth(80.0), }, defaultVerticalAlignment: TableCellVerticalAlignment.middle, border: TableBorder.all(color: Color(0xff16DAF1), width: 1.0, style: BorderStyle.solid), children: const <TableRow>[ TableRow( children: <Widget>[ Center(child: Text('姓名')), Center(child: Text('年齡')), Center(child: Text('稱號')), Center(child: Text('武器')), ], ), TableRow( children: <Widget>[ Text('捷特'), Text('24'), Text('風神'), Text('黑風劍'), ], ), TableRow( children: <Widget>[ Text('巫纓'), Text('23'), Text('百里巫纓'), Text('百里弓'), ], ), TableRow( children: <Widget>[ Text('龍少'), Text('23'), Text('控尊'), Text('控尊戒'), ], ), ], ); 

      2.流動容器 --Flow:
      2.1:屬性一覽

      屬性很簡潔,但是:FlowDelegate夠熬一碗粥的

      FlowDelegate @required this.delegate, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], 

      2.2:新手任務5:用完Flow成下面布局

      簡單分析一下:隨機顏色,隨機長度,到尾部不夠就換行

      flow.png

      代碼實現:從網上找了一個FlowDelegate的實現類
      核心就是根據位置可以自己繪制孩子的位置(吐槽:源碼了竟然沒有實現類,給一個也好啊...)

      class MarginFlowDelegate extends FlowDelegate { EdgeInsets _margin = EdgeInsets.zero;//成員變量_margin MarginFlowDelegate(this._margin); //構造函數 @override//繪制孩子的方法 void paintChildren(FlowPaintingContext context) { var offsetX = _margin.left; var offsetY = _margin.top; for (int i = 0; i < context.childCount; i++) { var w = context.getChildSize(i).width + offsetX + _margin.right; if (w < context.size.width) { context.paintChild(i, transform: new Matrix4.translationValues(offsetX, offsetY, 0.0)); offsetX = w + _margin.left; } else { offsetX = _margin.left; offsetY += context.getChildSize(i).height + _margin.top + _margin.bottom; context.paintChild(i,transform: new Matrix4.translationValues(offsetX, offsetY, 0.0)); offsetX += context.getChildSize(i).width + _margin.left + _margin.right; } } } 

      動態生成Widget數組(可別傻傻的cv,60個Container)

      formColorList(int count) { var random = new Random(); var li = <Widget>[];for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { li.add(new Container( width: 100 * (random.nextDouble() + 0.3), height: 30, color: randomRGB(), )); } return li; } 

      用起來倒是簡單:

      var flow_test = Flow( delegate: MarginFlowDelegate(EdgeInsets.all(5)), children: formColorList(60)); 

      3.包裹--Warp
      3.1:簡單認識:

      這東西和css的flex有九分相似,還好我flex布局玩的挺好:有興趣的可看這里
      Flow用起來麻煩很多,但可控制,靈活性更好,如果不是什么逆天改命的布局,Warp應該夠了

      Wrap({ Key key, this.direction = Axis.horizontal, this.alignment = WrapAlignment.start, this.spacing = 0.0, this.runAlignment = WrapAlignment.start, this.runSpacing = 0.0, this.crossAxisAlignment = WrapCrossAlignment.start, this.textDirection, this.verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], })
      direction
      方向.png
      3.2:新手任務6-1
      新手任務6-1.png
      var wrap_test = Wrap( spacing: 8.0, // 列間距 runSpacing: 4.0, //行間距 direction:Axis.vertical , crossAxisAlignment:WrapCrossAlignment.center, children: formColorList(50)); 

      3.3:新手任務6-2
      新手任務7.png
      var wrap_test = Wrap( spacing: 8.0, // 列間距 runSpacing: 4.0, //行間距 direction:Axis.horizontal , alignment:WrapAlignment.spaceBetween, children: formColorList(50)); 
      duang,三大戰力倒下,恭喜獲得稱號:布局勇士,收獲三張傳說級卡片:
      - - -

      三、基礎控件點將臺之--列表

      NPC:好吧,我編不下去了...大家加油!

      看一下Widget樹4.png
      1.老伙伴:ListView

      這里先簡單看一下效果,明天根據例子來詳細分析具體用法
      ListView,單獨可以用,傳入一個Widget數組,批量生產ListView.builder簡潔些

      ListView.builder({ Key key, Axis scrollDirection = Axis.vertical, bool reverse = false, ScrollController controller, bool primary, ScrollPhysics physics, bool shrinkWrap = false, EdgeInsetsGeometry padding, this.itemExtent, @required IndexedWidgetBuilder itemBuilder, int itemCount, bool addAutomaticKeepAlives = true, bool addRepaintBoundaries = true, bool addSemanticIndexes = true, double cacheExtent, int semanticChildCount, 

      豎直 水平
      //豎直 var list_view_test = ListView.builder( itemCount: 20, padding: EdgeInsets.all(8.0), itemExtent: 60.0, itemBuilder: (BuildContext context, int index) { return Card( child: Center(child: Text('toly $index')), ); }, );//水平 var list_view_test = ListView.builder( itemCount: 20, padding: EdgeInsets.all(8.0), scrollDirection:Axis.horizontal, itemExtent: 60.0, itemBuilder: (BuildContext context, int index) { return Card( child: Center(child: Text('toly $index')), ); }, );

      2--老伙伴:GridView
      GridView.count({ Key key, Axis scrollDirection = Axis.vertical, bool reverse = false, ScrollController controller, bool primary, ScrollPhysics physics, bool shrinkWrap = false, EdgeInsetsGeometry padding, @required int crossAxisCount, double mainAxisSpacing = 0.0, double crossAxisSpacing = 0.0, double childAspectRatio = 1.0, bool addAutomaticKeepAlives = true, bool addRepaintBoundaries = true, bool addSemanticIndexes = true, double cacheExtent, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], int semanticChildCount, 

      水平GridView 豎直GridView
      //豎直GridView var grid_view_test = GridView.count( crossAxisCount: 4, children: List.generate( 100, (index) { returnCard( child: Center(child: Text('toly $index')), ); }, ), );//水平GridView var grid_view_test = GridView.count( crossAxisCount: 4, scrollDirection:Axis.horizontal, children: List.generate( 100, (index) { returnCard( child: Center(child: Text('toly $index')), ); }, ), );

      3.軸列容器--ListBody(我自己取的名字)

      好吧,被它的名字騙了,和ListView并沒有太大的關系,也就是個多孩子的容器
      優點在于在指定軸上尺寸正常,另一軸上會被拉伸,見圖:

      A widget that arranges its children sequentially along a given axis, forcing them to the dimension of the parent in the other axis. 一個widget,它按照給定的軸順序排列它的子部件,并迫使它們位于另一個軸上的父軸的維度。 ListBody({ Key key, this.mainAxis = Axis.vertical, this.reverse = false, List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[], 

      水平定 豎直定
      //豎直定 var list_body_test = Column( children: <Widget>[ ListBody( mainAxis: Axis.vertical, reverse: false, children: formColorList(5) )], );//水平定 var list_body_test = Row( children: <Widget>[ ListBody( mainAxis: Axis.horizontal, reverse: false, children: formColorList(5) )], );
      好了,又到三局一度的發卡時間了

      未精煉的傳說級卡片,更多屬性加成,戰士們,去精煉吧

      - - -

      四、容器掃個尾:

      1.Baseline

      將文字按照基線對齊(因為比較好看)--baseline越大,距離頂端越遠

      Baseline.png
      const Baseline({ Key key, @required this.baseline, @required this.baselineType, Widget child 

      formTextList(int count) { var random = new Random(); var li = <Widget>[];for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { li.add(new Baseline( baselineType: TextBaseline.alphabetic, child: new Text('Toly', style: new TextStyle( fontSize: 20.0 + random.nextInt(40), textBaseline: TextBaseline.alphabetic, ), ), baseline: 80, )); } return li; }var base_line_test = new Row( children: formTextList(5), ); 

      2.FractionallySizedBox

      這個挺有意思,兒子隨爺爺,父親(FractionallySizedBox)中間倒把手
      可以實現爺爺和孫子之間的尺寸比例聯系

      const FractionallySizedBox({ Key key, this.alignment = Alignment.center, this.widthFactor, this.heightFactor, Widget child, 

      FractionallySizedBox測試.png
      var fsb_test = new Container( color: Colors.blue, height: 150.0, width: 150.0, child: new FractionallySizedBox( alignment: Alignment.bottomCenter, widthFactor: 1.5, heightFactor: 0.5, child: new Container( color: Colors.red, ), ), ); 

      3.AspectRatio

      就是設定一個定比例的容器width/height=aspectRatio

      const AspectRatio({ Key key, @required this.aspectRatio, Widget child 

      AspectRatio測試.png
      var aspectratio_test = new Container( width: 200.0, child: new AspectRatio( aspectRatio: 1.5, child: new Container( color: Colors.red, ), ), ); 

      恭喜獲得稱號:布局學徒 ,獎勵卡片
      - - -

      還剩幾個Box,明天寫幾個布局例子順帶講一下,反正每個新控件都會發張卡
      最后把卡片總結起來,看看能不能湊夠兩幅撲克牌...打印出來當撲克牌打,還怕Flutter控件學不會?
      好了,今天就到這里,腦細胞死不少,趕快看幾集動漫補補腦。


      五、總結一下mark的點:

      //第一天: 3.現在焦點應該匯聚在StatefulWidget身上,很多地方都出現了,mark一下 ---StatefulWidget是Widget的一個子類,是具有狀態的控件,可謂元老級別4.canvas竟然沒辦法畫文字,這不科學,mark一下 ---保持mark//第三天: 1.這里mark一下Card里的ShapeBorder shape,源碼粗略看了一下,可能挺好玩,今天主看控件 ---保持mark2.transform屬性的Matrix4有機會肯定好好分析分析,mark一下 ---保持mark 

      后記:捷文規范

      1.本文成長記錄及勘誤表
      項目源碼 日期 備注
      V0.1-github 2018-12-18 Flutter第3天--基礎控件(上)
      2.更多關于我
      筆名 QQ 微信 愛好
      張風捷特烈 1981462002 zdl1994328 語言
      我的github 我的 我的掘金 個人網站
      3.聲明

      1----本文由張風捷特烈原創,轉載請注明
      2----歡迎廣大編程愛好者共同交流
      3----個人能力有限,如有不正之處歡迎大家批評指證,必定虛心改正
      4----看到這里,我在此感謝你的喜歡與支持


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