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      通過擴展改善ASP.NET MVC的驗證機制[實現篇]

      發表日期:2019-09 文章編輯:小燈 瀏覽次數:2224

      “基于某個規則的驗證”是本解決方案一個最大的賣點。為了保持以驗證規則名稱為核心的上下文信息,我定義了如下一個ValidatorContext(我們本打算將其命名為ValidationContext,無奈這個類型已經存在)。ValidatorContext的屬性RuleName和Culture表示當前的驗證規則和語言文化(默認值為當前線程的CurrentUICulture),而字典類型的屬性Properties用戶存放一些額外信息。當前ValidationContext的獲取與設置通過靜態Current完成。

       1: public class ValidatorContext
       2: {
       3: [ThreadStatic]
       4: private static ValidatorContext current;
       5:? 
       6: public string RuleName { get; private set; }
       7: public CultureInfo Culture { get; private set; }
       8: public IDictionary<string, object> Properties { get; private set; }
       9:? 
      10: public ValidatorContext(string ruleName, CultureInfo culture=null)
      11: {
      12: this.RuleName = ruleName;
      13: this.Properties = new Dictionary<string, object>();
      14: this.Culture = culture??CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
      15: }
      16:? 
      17: public static ValidatorContext Current
      18: {
      19: get { return current; }
      20: set { current = value; }
      21: }
      22: }

      我們為ValidatorContext定義了如下一個匹配的ValidatorContextScope對象用于設置ValidatorContext的作用范圍。

       1: public class ValidatorContextScope : IDisposable
       2: {
       3: private ValidatorContext current = ValidatorContext.Current;
       4: public ValidatorContextScope(string ruleName, CultureInfo culture = null)
       5: {
       6: ValidatorContext.Current = new ValidatorContext(ruleName, culture);
       7: }
       8: public void Dispose()
       9: {
      10: if (null == current)
      11: {
      12: foreach (object property in ValidatorContext.Current.Properties.Values)
      13: {
      14: IDisposable disposable = property as IDisposable;
      15: if (null != disposable)
      16: {
      17: disposable.Dispose();
      18: }
      19: }
      20: }
      21: ValidatorContext.Current = current;
      22: }
      23: }

      二、通過自定義ActionInvoker在進行操作執行之前初始化上下文

      通過《使用篇》中我們知道當前的驗證規則名稱是通過ValidationRuleAttribute來設置的,該特性不僅僅可以應用在Action方法上,也可以應用在Controller類型上。當然Action方法上的ValidationRuleAttribute具有更高的優先級。如下面的代碼片斷所示,ValidationRuleAttribute就是一個包含Name屬性的普通Attribute而已。

       1: [AttributeUsage( AttributeTargets.Class| AttributeTargets.Method)]
       2: public class ValidationRuleAttribute:Attribute
       3: {
       4: public string Name { get; private set; }
       5: public ValidationRuleAttribute(string name)
       6: {
       7: this.Name = name;
       8: }
       9: }

      很顯然,以當前驗證規則驗證規則為核心的ValidatorContext需要在Action操作之前設置(嚴格地說應該在進行Model綁定之前),而在Action操作完成后清除。很自然地,我們可以通過自定義ActionInvoker來完成,為此我定義了如下一個直接繼承自ControllerActionInvoker的ExtendedControllerActionInvoker類。

       1: public class ExtendedControllerActionInvoker : ControllerActionInvoker
       2: {
       3: public ExtendedControllerActionInvoker()
       4: { 
       5: this.CurrentCultureAccessor= (context=>
       6: {
       7: string culture = context.RouteData.GetRequiredString("culture");
       8: if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(culture))
       9: {
      10: return null;
      11: }
      12: else
      13: {
      14: return new CultureInfo(culture);
      15: }
      16: });
      17: }
      18: public virtual Func<ControllerContext, CultureInfo> CurrentCultureAccessor { get; set; }
      19: public override bool InvokeAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, string actionName)
      20: {
      21: CultureInfo originalCulture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
      22: CultureInfo originalUICulture = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
      23: try
      24: {
      25: CultureInfo culture = this.CurrentCultureAccessor(controllerContext);
      26: if (null != culture)
      27: {
      28: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture;
      29: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = culture;
      30: }
      31: var controllerDescriptor = this.GetControllerDescriptor(controllerContext);
      32: var actionDescriptor = this.FindAction(controllerContext, controllerDescriptor, actionName);
      33: ValidationRuleAttribute attribute = actionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<ValidationRuleAttribute>().FirstOrDefault() as ValidationRuleAttribute;
      34: if (null == attribute)
      35: {
      36: attribute = controllerDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<ValidationRuleAttribute>().FirstOrDefault() as ValidationRuleAttribute;
      37: }
      38: string ruleName = (null == attribute) ? string.Empty : attribute.Name;
      39: using (ValidatorContextScope contextScope = new ValidatorContextScope(ruleName))
      40: {
      41: return base.InvokeAction(controllerContext, actionName);
      42: }
      43: }
      44: catch
      45: {
      46: throw;
      47: }
      48: finally
      49: {
      50: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = originalCulture;
      51: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = originalUICulture;
      52: }
      53: }
      54: }

      如上面的代碼片斷所示,在重寫的InvokeAction方法中我們通過ControllerDescriptor/ActionDescriptor得到應用在Controller類型/Action方法上的ValidationRuleAttribute特性,并或者到設置的驗證規則名稱。然后我們創建ValidatorContextScope對象,而針對基類InvokeAction方法的執行就在該ValidatorContextScope中執行的。初次之外,我們還對當前線程的Culture進行了相應地設置,默認的Culture 信息來源于當前RouteData。

      為了更方便地使用ExtendedControllerActionInvoker,我們定義了一個抽象的Controller基類:BaseController。BaseController是Controller的子類,在構造函數中我們將ActionInvoker屬性設置成我們自定義的ExtendedControllerActionInvoker對象。

       1: public abstract class BaseController: Controller
       2: {
       3: public BaseController()
       4: {
       5: this.ActionInvoker = new ExtendedControllerActionInvoker();
       6: }
       7: }

      三、為Validator創建基類:ValidatorBaseAttribute

      接下來我們才來看看真正用于驗證的驗證特性如何定義。我們的驗證特性都直接或者間接地繼承自具有如下定義的ValidatorBaseAttribute,而它使ValidationAttribute的子類。如下面的代碼片斷所示,ValidatorBaseAttribute還實現了IClientValidatable接口,以提供對客戶端驗證的支持。屬性RuleName、MessageCategory、MessageId和Culture分別代表驗證規則名稱、錯誤消息的類別和ID號(通過這兩個屬性通過MessageManager這個獨立的組件獲取完整的錯誤消息)和基于的語言文化。

       1: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = false)]
       2: public abstract class ValidatorBaseAttribute : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable
       3: {
       4: 
       5: public string RuleName { get; set; }
       6: public string MessageCategory { get; private set; }
       7: public string MessageId { get; private set; }
       8: public string Culture { get; set; }
       9:? 
      10: public ValidatorBaseAttribute(MessageManager messageManager, string messageCategory, string messageId, params object[] args)
      11: : base(() => messageManager.FormatMessage(messageCategory, messageId, args))
      12: {
      13: this.MessageCategory = messageCategory;
      14: this.MessageId = messageId;
      15: }
      16:? 
      17: public ValidatorBaseAttribute(string messageCategory, string messageId, params object[] args)
      18: : this(MessageManagerFactory.GetMessageManager(), messageCategory, messageId, args)
      19: { }
      20:? 
      21: public virtual bool Match(ValidatorContext context, IEnumerable<ValidatorBaseAttribute> validators)
      22: {
      23: if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.RuleName))
      24: {
      25: if (this.RuleName != context.RuleName)
      26: {
      27: return false;
      28: }
      29: }
      30:? 
      31: if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Culture))
      32: {
      33: if (string.Compare(this.Culture, context.Culture.Name, true) != 0)
      34: {
      35: return false;
      36: }
      37: }
      38:? 
      39: if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Culture))
      40: {
      41: if (validators.Any(validator => validator.GetType() == this.GetType() && string.Compare(validator.Culture, context.Culture.Name, true) == 0))
      42: {
      43: return false;
      44: }
      45: }
      46: return true;
      47: }
      48: public abstract IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context);
      49: private object typeId;
      50: public override object TypeId
      51: {
      52: get { return (null == typeId) ? (typeId = new object()) : typeId; }
      53: }
      54: }

      由于我們需要將多個相同類型的Validator特性應用到某個類型或者字段/屬性上,我們需要通過AttributeUsageAttribute將AllowMultiple屬性設置為True,此外需要重寫TypeId屬性。至于為什么需需要這么做,可以參考我的上一篇文章《在ASP.NET MVC中如何應用多個相同類型的ValidationAttribute?》。對于應用在同一個目標元素的多個相同類型的Validator特性,只有與當前ValidatorContext相匹配的才能執行,我們通過Match方法來進行匹配性的判斷,具體的邏輯是這樣的:

      • 在顯式設置了RuleName屬性情況下,如果不等于當前驗證規則,直接返回False;
      • 在顯式設置了Culture屬性情況下,如果與當前語言文化不一致,直接返回False;
      • 在沒有設置Culture屬性(語言文化中性)情況下,如果存在另一個同類型的Validator與當前的語言文化一致,也返回False;
      • 其余情況返回True

      四、通過自定義ModelValidatorProvider在驗證之前將不匹配Validator移除

      應用在Model類型或其屬性/字段上的ValidationAttribute最終通過對應的ModelValidatorProvider(DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider)用于創建ModelValidator(DataAnnotationsModelValidator)。我們必須在ModelValidator創建之前將不匹配的Validator特性移除,才能確保只有與當前ValidatorContext相匹配的Validator特性參與驗證。為此我們通過繼承DataAnnotationsModelValidator自定義了如下一個ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidator。

       1: public class ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider : DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider
       2: {
       3: protected override IEnumerable<ModelValidator> GetValidators(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context, IEnumerable<Attribute> attributes)
       4: {
       5: var validators = attributes.OfType<ValidatorBaseAttribute>();
       6: var allAttributes = attributes.Except(validators).ToList();
       7: foreach (ValidatorBaseAttribute validator in validators)
       8: {
       9: if (validator.Match(ValidatorContext.Current, validators))
      10: {
      11: allAttributes.Add(validator);
      12: }
      13: }
      14: return base.GetValidators(metadata, context, allAttributes);
      15: }
      16: }

      如上面的代碼片斷所示,在重寫的GetClientValidationRules方法中,輸入參數attributes表示所有的ValidationAttribute,在這里我們根據調用ValidatorBaseAttribute的Match方法將不匹配的Validator特性移除,然后根據余下的ValidationAttribute列表調用基類GetValidators方法創建ModelValidator列表。值得一提的是,關于System.Attribute的Equals/GetHashCode方法的問題就從這個方法中發現的(詳情參見《為什么System.Attribute的GetHashCode方法需要如此設計?》)。自定義ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidator在Global.asax的Application_Start方法中通過如下的方式進行注冊。

       1: protected void Application_Start()
       2: {
       3://...
       4: var provider = ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.OfType<DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider>().FirstOrDefault();
       5: if (null != provider)
       6: {
       7: ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Remove(provider);
       8: }
       9: ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Add(new ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider());
      10: }

      五、RequiredValidatorAttribute的定義

      最后我們來看看用于驗證必需字段的RequiredValidatorAttribute如何定義。IsValid用于服務端驗證,而GetClientValidationRules生成調用客戶端驗證規則。

       1: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = true)]
       2: public class RequiredValidatorAttribute : ValidatorBaseAttribute
       3: {
       4: public RequiredValidatorAttribute(string messageCategory, string messageId, params object[] args)
       5: : base(messageCategory, messageId, args)
       6: { } 
       7:? 
       8: public override bool IsValid(object value)
       9: {
      10: if (value == null)
      11: {
      12: return false;
      13: }
      14: string str = value as string;
      15: if (str != null)
      16: {
      17: return (str.Trim().Length != 0);
      18: }
      19: return true;
      20: }
      21:? 
      22: public override IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context)
      23: {
      24: return new ModelClientValidationRequiredRule[] { new ModelClientValidationRequiredRule(this.ErrorMessageString) };
      25: }
      26: }

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